Competitio
Insights

Better results in negotiation and procurement.

From negotiation and tendering to auctions and sourcing strategy — the levers that get you measurably better results. Grounded in game theory.

Procurement strategy

Procurement Strategy: Shaping Markets, Not Taking Them

competitio.

A strong procurement strategy does not take the market as given: it shapes competition, comparability and credibility so that every award is decided by design, not b…

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Procurement strategy

Cost Reduction in Procurement: Levers, Not Discounts

competitio.

How cost reduction in procurement really works: the contribution-margin leverage, the difference between levers and arguments, sustainable versus one-off savings, an…

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Cost transparency

Should-Costing and Cost Transparency in Procurement

competitio.

Should-costing builds a target price from the ground up, delivering the cost transparency that lets you judge any offer against what a product should cost — even whe…

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Negotiation psychology

Procurement Negotiation: Strategy, Levers & Biases

competitio.

A strong procurement negotiation is decided in preparation, not at the table: how competition, comparability and commitment become levers, and which cognitive biases…

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Auction theory

Procurement Tenders & Auctions: Formats, Awards, Evaluation

competitio.

How to design a procurement tender that draws enough qualified bidders, uses the right auction format, and evaluates offers on a clean, like-for-like comparison pric…

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Supplier strategy

Supplier Management and Supplier Strategy: Core Levers

competitio.

How to run the supplier base as a competitive field: dependency, self-made barriers and a practical pilot for building a supplier strategy that actually holds.

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Global sourcing

Global Sourcing: Competition in International Procurement

competitio.

Global sourcing widens the supplier field, but lower prices abroad only become real savings when the extra bidders enter genuine competition and every offer is compa…

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Digital procurement

AI in Procurement: What Digitalisation Really Changes

competitio.

Where AI, e-procurement and digitalisation genuinely help procurement — and why the decisive lever still sits in award design, negotiation and the behaviour of the p…

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Category management

Category Management: Steering Commodity Groups

competitio.

Category and commodity-group management works only when each category is steered to its own market — competition, comparability, lot design and format all differ by…

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Cost transparency

Should Costing: The Buyer's Negotiation Edge

competitio.

Price comparisons alone are no longer enough in procurement. Should costing provides an objective cost baseline and turns price negotiation into a fact-based strateg…

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Game theory

Cognitive Biases in Procurement Negotiations: Game Theory

competitio.

Six common cognitive biases cost buyers real money at the negotiating table — from the supposed leverage of proving high margins to the belief that suppliers always…

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Negotiation

The Three Levers That Decide Every Negotiation

competitio.

Negotiating power does not come from skill but from structure: competition, comparability and commitment decide every negotiation before the first conversation begin…

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Competitive strategy

Negotiating with Hostage-Takers: Tactics for Buyers

competitio.

Crisis manager Tobias Ruthe negotiates with hostage-takers and cyber extortionists — situations that offer no second chance. His principles on anchor demands, willin…

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Mechanism design

Monopoly Negotiations: Information as a Negotiating Lever

competitio.

Whether a supplier is truly a monopolist is decided less by the market situation than by the information available to both sides. This article shows how buyers can m…

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Competitive strategy

Self-Made Competition Barriers in Procurement

competitio.

Competition is the most effective lever in procurement – yet many organizations unwittingly weaken it themselves. This article reveals the most common self-made comp…

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Auction theory

Too Few Bidders in Tenders: Causes and Solutions

competitio.

When too few suppliers take part in a tender, this is rarely a matter of chance but the result of bidders' rational calculus. An analysis grounded in auction theory…

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Game theory

Game Theory in Procurement: From Negotiation to Mechanism

competitio.

Traditional procurement leans on bilateral negotiation, where buyer and supplier bargain as adversaries and information stays hidden. This cornerstone article shows…

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Competitive strategy

The 3Cs of Procurement: Competition, Comparability, Credibility

competitio.

Most procurement debates fixate on the auction format, but the environment around it decides the outcome. This guide breaks down the 3Cs — Competition, Comparability…

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Auction theory

Procurement Auction Formats: English, Dutch & Sealed-Bid

competitio.

Reverse English, Dutch, Anglo-Dutch, sealed-bid or a negotiauction — the format you choose decides how hard suppliers compete. This guide explains each procurement a…

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Auction theory

When the Cost Equivalence Theorem Breaks Down in Procurement

competitio.

In theory, the Cost Equivalence Theorem says your choice of auction format does not change what you pay. In practice, capacity constraints, risk-averse suppliers and…

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Mechanism design

Lot Sizing in Procurement: Balancing Scale and Competition

competitio.

In multi-item tenders, how you slice the work into lots quietly decides how much competition you get. This article turns Competitio's research framework, the Competi…

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Auction theory

Apples to Apples: Comparison Price for Tender Evaluation

competitio.

The cheapest bid is rarely the cheapest deal. This article shows how the Comparison Price Approach turns quality, risk and payment terms into transparent monetary ad…

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Procurement strategy

Delivering cost reductions with gametheory in sector-regulated procurement

competitio.

The challenge of sector-regulated procurement Utilities, grid operators, transportation, and mining companies are subject to European and national regulation. Sector…

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Supplier strategy

Automated cartel detection in supplier networks using graph theory

competitio.

Cartels raise prices and thus procurement costs substantially and are notoriously difficult for most organizations to identify. Given the impact of hefty fines and d…

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Game theory

Game theory for procurement: How to identify your first procurement pilot?

competitio.

Many organizations adopt game theory based on its value during the procurement process. The challenge is understanding which projects to shortlist, particularly thos…

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Negotiation

Embedding Negotiation Excellence Sustainably in Your Organization

competitio.

Many companies invest in training programs and external consulting, yet the impact often fades after a short time. Sustainable negotiation excellence does not emerge…

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Negotiation

Why Strategic Thinking Is Decisive in Negotiations

competitio.

Negotiations are shaped by persistent assumptions that rest on intuition rather than systematic thinking. Many of them lead consistently to suboptimal outcomes. This…

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Negotiation

How Strategic Negotiators Deliberately Shape Human Behavior

competitio.

Why do people rarely act on purely rational grounds in negotiations, and how can precisely this behavior be shaped in a systematic way? Behavioral design combines in…

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