Competitio
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Practical insight for procurement leaders.

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Should Costing: The Buyer's Negotiation Edge

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Price comparisons alone are no longer enough in procurement. Should costing provides an objective cost baseline and turns price negotiation into a fact-based strateg…

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Cognitive Biases in Procurement Negotiations: Game Theory

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Six common cognitive biases cost buyers real money at the negotiating table — from the supposed leverage of proving high margins to the belief that suppliers always…

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The Three Levers That Decide Every Negotiation

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Negotiating power does not come from skill but from structure: competition, comparability and commitment decide every negotiation before the first conversation begin…

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Negotiating with Hostage-Takers: Tactics for Buyers

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Crisis manager Tobias Ruthe negotiates with hostage-takers and cyber extortionists — situations that offer no second chance. His principles on anchor demands, willin…

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Monopoly Negotiations: Information as a Negotiating Lever

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Whether a supplier is truly a monopolist is decided less by the market situation than by the information available to both sides. This article shows how buyers can m…

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Self-Made Competition Barriers in Procurement

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Competition is the most effective lever in procurement – yet many organizations unwittingly weaken it themselves. This article reveals the most common self-made comp…

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Too Few Bidders in Tenders: Causes and Solutions

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When too few suppliers take part in a tender, this is rarely a matter of chance but the result of bidders' rational calculus. An analysis grounded in auction theory…

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Game Theory in Procurement: From Negotiation to Mechanism

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Traditional procurement leans on bilateral negotiation, where buyer and supplier bargain as adversaries and information stays hidden. This cornerstone article shows…

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The 3Cs of Procurement: Competition, Comparability, Credibility

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Most procurement debates fixate on the auction format, but the environment around it decides the outcome. This guide breaks down the 3Cs — Competition, Comparability…

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Procurement Auction Formats: English, Dutch & Sealed-Bid

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Reverse English, Dutch, Anglo-Dutch, sealed-bid or a negotiauction — the format you choose decides how hard suppliers compete. This guide explains each procurement a…

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When the Cost Equivalence Theorem Breaks Down in Procurement

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In theory, the Cost Equivalence Theorem says your choice of auction format does not change what you pay. In practice, capacity constraints, risk-averse suppliers and…

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Lot Sizing in Procurement: Balancing Scale and Competition

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In multi-item tenders, how you slice the work into lots quietly decides how much competition you get. This article turns Competitio's research framework, the Competi…

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Apples to Apples: Comparison Price for Tender Evaluation

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The cheapest bid is rarely the cheapest deal. This article shows how the Comparison Price Approach turns quality, risk and payment terms into transparent monetary ad…

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Delivering cost reductions with gametheory in sector-regulated procurement

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The challenge of sector-regulated procurement Utilities, grid operators, transportation, and mining companies are subject to European and national regulation. Sector…

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Automated cartel detection in supplier networks using graph theory

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Cartels raise prices and thus procurement costs substantially and are notoriously difficult for most organizations to identify. Given the impact of hefty fines and d…

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Game theory for procurement: How to identify your first procurement pilot?

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Many organizations adopt game theory based on its value during the procurement process. The challenge is understanding which projects to shortlist, particularly thos…

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Embedding Negotiation Excellence Sustainably in Your Organization

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Many companies invest in training programs and external consulting, yet the impact often fades after a short time. Sustainable negotiation excellence does not emerge…

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Why Strategic Thinking Is Decisive in Negotiations

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Negotiations are shaped by persistent assumptions that rest on intuition rather than systematic thinking. Many of them lead consistently to suboptimal outcomes. This…

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How Strategic Negotiators Deliberately Shape Human Behavior

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Why do people rarely act on purely rational grounds in negotiations, and how can precisely this behavior be shaped in a systematic way? Behavioral design combines in…

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